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Defnyddiwr:Adda'r Yw/drafftiau/John Huston: Gwahaniaeth rhwng fersiynau

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Llinell 23:
Yn ystod [[yr Ail Ryfel Byd]], galwyd Huston i'r lluoedd arfog a fe'i penodwyd yn gapten yng Nghorfflu Signalau'r [[Byddin yr Unol Daleithiau|Fyddin]]. Cyfarwyddodd bedair [[ffilm ddogfen]] ar gyfer Gwasanaeth Darluniadol y Corfflu Signalau. Ffilm am filwyr yn paratoi ar gyfer yr ymgyrch yn Ynysoedd Aleut, yng ngogledd [[y Cefnfor Tawel]], yw ''Report from the Aleutians'' (1943). Cyfrannodd at y ffilm bropaganda Eingl-Americanaidd ''Tunisian Victory'' (1944), am Ymgyrch Torch yng Ngogledd Affrica, drwy ail-ffilmio golygfeydd o'r brwydro wedi i'r cwch a oedd yn cludo'r ffilm wreiddiol gael ei suddo. Cafodd Huston a'i griw eu hatodi i'r 143ain Gatrawd, 36ain Adran y Troedfilwyr, i ffilmio Brwydr San Pietro Infine yn yr Eidal yn Rhagfyr 1943, a oedd yn bwnc y ffilm ''The Battle of San Pietro'' (1945). Ei ffilm olaf yn ystod y rhyfel oedd ''Let There Be Light'' (1946), am gyn-filwyr mewn ysbyty seiciatrig yn [[Long Island]], ymgais i hysbysu'r cyhoedd am "siel-syfrdandod" neu "straen ymladd" (yr hyn a elwir bellach [[anhwylder straen wedi trawma]]). Cafodd y ffilm ei gwahardd gan y fyddin oherwydd ei phortread emosiynol ac ysgytiol o gyflwr meddyliol y cyn-filwyr, a ni chafodd ei dangos yn gyhoeddus nes 1981. Dyrchafwyd Huston yn uwchgapten erbyn diwedd y rhyfel, a gwobrwywyd iddo y Lleng Teilyngdod am ffilmio ar faes y gad.
 
Yn sgil diwedd y rhyfel, gweithiodd Huston ar sgriptiau i ddwy ''film noir'' o nod a ryddhawyd ym 1946: ''The Killers'', a gyfarwyddwyd gan [[Robert Siodmak]] ac yn serennu [[Burt Lancaster]] ac [[Ava Gardner]], a ''The Stranger'' gydag [[Edward G. Robinson]], [[Loretta Young]], ac [[Orson Welles]], wedi ei chyfarwyddo gan Welles. Ym 1946 hefyd cyfarwyddodd Huston y ddrama [[dirfodaeth|ddirfodol]] ''No Exit'' gan yr athronydd [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] yn Broadway. Ym 1947, mewn ymateb i ymgyrch Pwyllgor Gweithgareddau Anamericanaidd [[Tŷ'r Cynrychiolwyr (Unol Daleithiau)|Tŷ'r Cynrychiolwyr]] (HUAC) yn erbyn comiwnyddion yn Hollywood, sefydlwyd y Pwyllgor dros y Gwelliant Cyntaf gan Huston, y cyfarwyddwr [[William Wyler]], a'r sgriptiwr Philip Dunne. Ymunodd Huston â'r ddirprwyaeth o'r diwydiant ffilm a deithiodd i [[Washington, D.C.]] i gefnogi'r rhai oedd yn tystio o flaen yr HUAC. Anghytunai Huston ac aelodau eraill y ddirprwyaeth ag ymddygiad ymosodol y rhai a elwid y "''Hollywood Ten''", ond daliodd at ei wrthwynebiad i'r gwrandawiadau.
 
[[Delwedd:Humphrey Bogart Walter Huston The Treasure of the Sierra Madre Still.jpg|bawd|Llun o ''The Treasure of the Sierra Madre''. O'r chwith i'r dde: Bruce Bennett, Tim Holt, Humphrey Bogart, Walter Huston.]]▼
Dychwelodd Huston at gyfarwyddo yn Hollywood gyda'r clasur ''The Treasure of the Sierra Madre'' (1948), addasiad o nofel antur gan B. Traven, a ffilmiwyd ym [[Mecsico]]. Stori ydyw am dri ddyn, a bortreadwyd gan Humphrey Bogart, Tim Holt, a Walter Huston, yn chwilota am aur. Methiant a fu'r ffilm yn ariannol, o bosib oherwydd ei diweddglo anhapus, ond enillodd John Huston Wobrau'r Academi am y cyfarwyddwr gorau a'r sgript orau, ac enillodd ei dad Walter y wobr am yr actor gorau mewn rhan gefnogol.
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Back in the United States, he worked on the scripts for Robert Siodmak’s The Killers and Orson Welles’s The Stranger (both 1946). Huston also directed Jean-Paul Sartre’s No Exit on Broadway in 1946. In 1947, as the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) geared up for its initial wave of hearings into the Hollywood community’s past or present communist affiliations, Huston joined with director William Wyler and screenwriter Philip Dunne in establishing the Committee for the First Amendment. Huston was part of a delegation of industry liberals—including Bogart and Lauren Bacall—who flew to Washington, D.C., to support those witnesses who had taken a confrontational stand when called to testify before the HUAC. Like other members of the delegation, however, Huston was put off by the aggressive belligerence of the “unfriendly” witnesses who would become known as the Hollywood Ten, though he remained disgusted by the proceedings as a whole.
 
▲[[Delwedd:Humphrey Bogart Walter Huston The Treasure of the Sierra Madre Still.jpg|bawd|Llun o ''The Treasure of the Sierra Madre''. O'r chwith i'r dde: Bruce Bennett, Tim Holt, Humphrey Bogart, Walter Huston.]]
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948) was Huston’s return to motion-picture directing in Hollywood. Adapted by Huston from an obscure novel by the mysterious, reclusive writer B. Traven and shot on location in Mexico, it starred Bogart in the decidedly unheroic role of a paranoid prospector, Fred C. Dobbs. As good as Bogart was in depicting Dobbs’s descent into madness, most critics believed that he was out-acted by Walter Huston as the grizzled, sagacious Howard, who tries in vain to keep greed from consuming the little treasure-seeking band. (This was the first time that Huston had cast his father in a major role, though he had appeared in unbilled cameos in The Maltese Falcon and In This Our Life.) Although The Treasure of the Sierra Madre would become one of Huston’s greatest critical triumphs and continues to be widely considered one of the best films of its time, it was a box-office disaster, perhaps because of its grim ending and the daring casting of Bogart against type. Still, the film was nominated for an Academy Award for best picture, Huston won the awards for best director and best screenplay, and his father was named best supporting actor.
 
Bogart, Bacall, Edward G. Robinson, Lionel Barrymore, and Claire Trevor starred in Huston’s next film, Key Largo (1948), a suspenseful adaptation of a Maxwell Anderson play that is regarded as a classic film noir. With a screenplay by Huston and Richard Brooks, it is set in a small hotel in the Florida Keys that is taken over by a gangster (Robinson) who has made a clandestine return from deportation to Cuba. Trevor won the Academy Award for best supporting actress for her portrayal of the gangster’s mistress. Cuba was then the setting for We Were Strangers (1949), an atmospheric account of revolutionaries’ attempt to overthrow the government, which starred Jennifer Jones and John Garfield.
 
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