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Mae côt drwchus y camel yn ei insiwleiddio rhag y gwres dwys a belydrir o'r haul a thwod yr anialwch; rhaid i gamel sydd wedi ei chneifio chwysu 50% yn fwy i osgoi gorboethi.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schmidt-Nielsen|first=K.|year=1964|title=Desert Animals: Physiological Problems of Heat and Water|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> Yn ystod yr haf mae'r gôt yn ysgafnhau o ran lliw, gan adlewyrchu golau yn ogystal â helpu i osgoi llosg haul.<ref name="mares99">{{Cite book|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=9780806131467|editor-last=Mares|editor-last2=Michael A.|title=Deserts|year=1999|chapter=Camel|pages=96–97|first=E. Anette|last=Halpern}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHalpern1999">Halpern, E. Anette (1999). </cite></ref> Mae coesau hir y camel yn helpu trwy gadw ei gorff ymhellach o'r ddaear a all gynhesu i hyd at {{Convert|70|°C|°F|0}}.<ref name="bronxzoo">{{Cite web|last=Bronx Zoo|title=Camel Adaptations|access-date=29 November 2012|url=http://www.bronxzoo.com/files/engage.html|publisher=Wildlife Conservation Society|format=Flash|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626071454/http://www.bronxzoo.com/files/engage.html|archivedate=26 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="rundel05">{{Cite book|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521021418|last=Rundel|first=Philip Wilson|first2=Arthur C.|last2=Gibson|title=Ecological Communities And Processes in a Mojave Desert Ecosystem: Rock Valley, Nevada|date=30 September 2005|chapter=Adaptations of Mojave Desert Animals|page=130}}</ref> Mae gan y dromedari bad o feinwe trwchus dros y sternum a elwir yn ''bedestal'' . Pan fydd yr anifail yn gorwedd mewn safle sternal, mae'r pedestal yn codi'r corff o'r wyneb poeth ac yn caniatáu i aer oer basio o dan y corff.<ref name="Inside Nature's Giants">[[Inside Nature's Giants]]. </ref>
Mae gan gegau camelod leinin o ledr trwchus, sy'n eu galluogi i gnoi planhigion anialwch pigog. Mae amrannau hir a blew clust, ynghyd â ffroenau sy'n gallu cau, yn rhwystr yn erbyn tywod. Os bydd tywod yn cael ei osod yn eu llygaid, gallant ei symud drwy ddefnyddio eu [[Pilen nicitating|trydydd amrant tryloyw]]. Cerdda camelod a'u traed wedi'u lledu, ac mae hyn yn eu helpu i symud heb suddo i'r tywod.<ref name="bronxzoo">{{Cite web|last=Bronx Zoo|title=Camel Adaptations|access-date=29 November 2012|url=http://www.bronxzoo.com/files/engage.html|publisher=Wildlife Conservation Society|format=Flash|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626071454/http://www.bronxzoo.com/files/engage.html|archivedate=26 June 2012}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBronx_Zoo">Bronx Zoo. </cite></ref><ref name="silverstein08">{{Cite book|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=9780822534341|last=Silverstein|first=Alvin|first2=Virginia B|last2=Silverstein|first3=Virginia|last3=Silverstein<!--No, really.-->|first4=Laura|last4=Silverstein Nunn|title=Adaptation|year=2008|pages=[https://archive.org/details/adaptation0000silv/page/42 42–43]|url=https://archive.org/details/adaptation0000silv/page/42}}</ref>
Mae [[Aren|arennau]] a [[llwybr gastroberfeddol|pherfeddion]] y camel yn adamsugno dŵr yn effeithiol iawn<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249746665|title=Morphometric analysis of heart, kidneys and adrenal glands in dromedary camel calves (PDF Download Available)|website=ResearchGate|language=en|access-date=2017-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304040835/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249746665_Morphometric_analysis_of_heart_kidneys_and_adrenal_glands_in_dromedary_camel_calves|archivedate=2017-03-04}}</ref> gyda rhan medwlaidd aren y camel yn gorchuddio dwywaith cymaint o arwynebedd ag aren buwch. Yn ail, mae gan gorffilod arennol ddiamedr llai, sy'n lleihau'r arwynebedd ar gyfer hidlo. Mae'r ddau brif nodwedd anatomegol hyn yn galluogi'r camel i gadw dŵr a lleiha colli dwqr drwy [[wrin]] mewn amodau eithafol.<ref name="Rehan08">Rehan S and AS Qureshi, 2006. </ref> Daw wrin camel allan fel surop trwchus, ac mae ysgarthion camel mor sych fel nad oes angen eu sychu pan fydd y [[Bedowiniaid|Bedouins]] yn eu defnyddio i'w losgi mewn coelcerth.<ref name="davidson06">{{Cite book|edition=2nd|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0192806819|last=Davidson|first=Alan|first2=Jane|last2=Davidson|editor-first=Tom|editor-last=Jaine|title=The Oxford Companion to Food|date=15 October 2006|pages=68, 129, 266, 762}}</ref><ref name="davidson-kidney">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/anphys/1999/Blackwell/Kidney.htm|publisher=Davidson College|title=Kidneys and Concentrated Urine|website=Temperature and Water Relations in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030225104431/http://www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/anphys/1999/Blackwell/Kidney.htm|archivedate=February 25, 2003}}</ref><ref name="junglestore">{{Cite web|title=Fun facts about the Camel|website=The Jungle Store|access-date=3 December 2012|url=http://www.thejunglestore.com/Camels|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117070148/http://www.thejunglestore.com/Camels|archivedate=17 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="fedewa00">{{Cite web|last=Fedewa|first=Jennifer L.|title=Camelus bactrianus|website=Animal Diversity Web|access-date=4 December 2012|year=2000|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Camelus_bactrianus/|publisher=University of Michigan Museum of Zoology|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526101843/http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Camelus_bactrianus/|archivedate=26 May 2013}}</ref>
=== Geneteg ===
=== Esblygiad ===
Roedd y camel cynharaf y gwyddys amdano, o'r enw ''[[Protylopus]]'', yn byw yng Ngogledd America 40 i 50 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl (yn ystod yr [[Eocene|Eosen]]).<ref name="mukasa81">{{Cite book|publisher=International Livestock Centre for Africa|volume=5|last=Mukasa-Mugerwa|first=E.|title=The Camel (Camelus Dromedarius): A Bibliographical Review|location=Ethiopia|series=International Livestock Centre for Africa Monograph|year=1981|pages=1, 3, 20–21, 65, 67–68}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMukasa-Mugerwa1981">Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. (1981). </cite></ref> Roedd tua maint cwningen ac yn byw yng nghoetiroedd agored yr hyn sy'n awr yn [[De Dakota|Dde Dakota]].<ref name="harington97">{{Cite web|last=Harington|first=C. R.|title=Ice Age Yukon and Alaskan Camels|website=Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre|access-date=3 December 2012|date=June 1997|url=http://www.beringia.com/research/camels.html|publisher=Government of Yukon, Department of Tourism and Culture, Museums Unit|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126013451/http://www.beringia.com/research/camels.html|archivedate=26 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="bernstein09">{{Cite book|publisher=Grove Press|isbn=9780802144164|last=Bernstein|first=William J.|title=A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World|date=6 May 2009|pages=54–55}}</ref> Erbyn 35 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl, roedd y ''Poebrotherium'' yr un maint â gafr ac roedd ganddo lawer mwy o nodweddion tebyg i gamelod a lamas.<ref name="northdakota">{{Cite journal|publisher=North Dakota State Government|last=North Dakota Industrial Commission Department of Mineral Resources|title=Poebrotherium|url=https://www.dmr.nd.gov/ndfossil/poster/PDF/Poebrotherium.pdf|access-date=3 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725092634/https://www.dmr.nd.gov/ndfossil/Poster/PDF/Poebrotherium.pdf|archive-date=25 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="scibuzz04">{{Cite web|publisher=Science Museum of Minnesota|title=Fossil camel skull (Poebrotherium sp.)|website=Science Buzz|access-date=3 December 2012|date=January 2004|url=http://www.sciencebuzz.org/museum/object/2004_01_fossil_camel_skull_poebrotherium|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014130040/http://www.sciencebuzz.org/museum/object/2004_01_fossil_camel_skull_poebrotherium|archivedate=14 October 2012}}</ref> Yr oedd y ''Stenomylus carnog'', a gerddai ar flaenau ei draed, hefyd yn bod o gwmpas yr amser hwn, ac ''esblygodd'' yr Aepycamelus wddf-hir yn y [[Mïosen|Miosen]].
Ymfudodd cyndad y camel modern, y ''Paracamelus'', i Ewrasia o Ogledd America trwy'r Beringia yn ystod y Miosen hwyr, rhwng 7.5 a 6.5 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Heintzman|first=Peter D.|last2=Zazula|first2=Grant D.|last3=Cahill|first3=James A.|last4=Reyes|first4=Alberto V.|last5=MacPhee|first5=Ross D.E.|last6=Shapiro|first6=Beth|date=September 2015|title=Genomic Data from Extinct North American Camelops Revise Camel Evolutionary History|url=https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/molbev/msv128|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|language=en|volume=32|issue=9|pages=2433–2440|doi=10.1093/molbev/msv128|pmid=26037535|issn=0737-4038}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rybczynski|first=Natalia|last2=Gosse|first2=John C.|last3=Richard Harington|first3=C.|last4=Wogelius|first4=Roy A.|last5=Hidy|first5=Alan J.|last6=Buckley|first6=Mike|date=June 2013|title=Mid-Pliocene warm-period deposits in the High Arctic yield insight into camel evolution|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=4|issue=1|pages=1550|doi=10.1038/ncomms2516|issn=2041-1723|pmc=3615376|pmid=23462993|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.1550R}}</ref><ref name="singh-tomar">{{Cite book|edition=8th revised|publisher=Rastogi Publications|isbn=9788171336395|last=Singh|last2=Tomar|title=Evolutionary Biology|location=New Delhi|page=334}}</ref> Yn ystod y [[Pleistosen]], tua 3 i 1 miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl, ymledodd Camelidae Gogledd America i Dde America fel rhan o Gyfnewidfa Fawr America trwy [[Culdir Panama|Isthmws Panama]] a oedd newydd ei ffurfio, lle wnaethant esblygu'n guanacos ac anifeiliaid cysylltiedig.<ref name="mukasa81">{{Cite book|publisher=International Livestock Centre for Africa|volume=5|last=Mukasa-Mugerwa|first=E.|title=The Camel (Camelus Dromedarius): A Bibliographical Review|location=Ethiopia|series=International Livestock Centre for Africa Monograph|year=1981|pages=1, 3, 20–21, 65, 67–68}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMukasa-Mugerwa1981">Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. (1981). </cite></ref><ref name="harington97">{{Cite web|last=Harington|first=C. R.|title=Ice Age Yukon and Alaskan Camels|website=Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre|access-date=3 December 2012|date=June 1997|url=http://www.beringia.com/research/camels.html|publisher=Government of Yukon, Department of Tourism and Culture, Museums Unit|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126013451/http://www.beringia.com/research/camels.html|archivedate=26 January 2013}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHarington1997">Harington, C. R. (June 1997). </cite></ref><ref name="bernstein09">{{Cite book|publisher=Grove Press|isbn=9780802144164|last=Bernstein|first=William J.|title=A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World|date=6 May 2009|pages=54–55}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">Bernstein, William J. (6 May 2009). </cite></ref> Parhaodd poblogaethau o ''Paracamelus'' i fodoli yn Arctig Gogledd America hyd at y Pleistosen Diweddar.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rybczynski|first=Natalia|first2=John C.|last2=Gosse|first3=C. Richard|last3=Harington|first4=Roy A.|last4=Wogelius|first5=Alan J.|last5=Hidy|first6=Mike|last6=Buckley|title=Mid-Pliocene warm-period deposits in the High Arctic yield insight into camel evolution|journal=[[Nature Communications]]|date=March 5, 2013|doi=10.1038/ncomms2516|volume=4|issue=3|pages=1550|pmid=23462993|pmc=3615376|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.1550R}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Buckley|first=Michael|last2=Lawless|first2=Craig|last3=Rybczynski|first3=Natalia|date=March 2019|title=Collagen sequence analysis of fossil camels, Camelops and c.f. Paracamelus, from the Arctic and sub-Arctic of Plio-Pleistocene North America|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1874391918304044|journal=Journal of Proteomics|language=en|volume=194|pages=218–225|doi=10.1016/j.jprot.2018.11.014|pmid=30468917}}</ref> Amcangyfrifir bod y creadur yn sefyll tua 2.7 metr (9 troedfedd) o uchder. Gwahanodd camel Bactria oddi wrth y dromedari tua miliwn o flynyddoedd yn ôl, yn ôl y cofnod ffosil.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Geraads|first=Denis|last2=Didier|first2=Gilles|last3=Barr|first3=Andrew|last4=Reed|first4=Denne|last5=Laurin|first5=Michel|date=April 2020|title=The fossil record of camelids demonstrates a late divergence between Bactrian camel and dromedary=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica|language=en|volume=65|issue=2|pages=251–260|doi=10.4202/app.00727.2020|issn=0567-7920}}</ref>
Y camel olaf a oedd yn frodorol i Ogledd America oedd y ''Camelops hesternus'', a ddiflannodd ynghyd â [[Ceffyl|cheffylau]], eirth wyneb-byr, [[Mamoth|mamothiaid]] a [[Mastodon|mastodoniaid]], slothiaid daear, [[Cath ysgithrog|cathod]] [[Cath ysgithrog|ysgithrog]], a llawer o fegafawna eraill, yn cyd-daro ag ymfudiad bodau dynol o Asia ar ddiwedd y cyfnod Pleistosen, tua 15-11,000 o flynyddoedd yn ôl.<ref name="worboys10">{{Cite book|publisher=Earthscan|isbn=9781844076048|last=Worboys|first=Graeme L.|first2=Wendy L.|last2=Francis|first3=Michael|last3=Lockwood|title=Connectivity Conservation Management: A Global Guide|date=30 March 2010|page=142}}</ref><ref name="macphee99">{{Cite book|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780306460920|last=MacPhee|first=Ross D. E.|first2=Hans-Dieter|last2=Sues|title=Extinctions in Near Time: Causes, Contexts, and Consequences|date=30 June 1999|pages=18, 20, 26}}</ref><gallery mode="packed">
Delwedd:Stenomylus.jpg|alt=Llun o ddau gamel cynnar| [[Stenomylus|Darlun Stenomylus]]
Delwedd:NMNH-USNMV16601Stenomylus.tif|sgerbwd [[Stenomylus]]
Mae'r camel yn darparu bwyd ar ffurf cig a llaeth.<ref>Tariq, M., Rabia, R., Jamil, A., Sakhwat, A., Aadil, A., & Muhammad S., 2010. </ref> Mae tua 3.3 miliwn o gamelod a chamelidau'n cael eu lladd yn flynyddol am eu cig ledled y byd.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QL|title=FAOSTAT|website=www.fao.org|access-date=2019-10-25}}</ref> Gall un camel ddarparu swm sylweddol o gig ee
gall carcas y dromedari gwrywaidd bwyso 300-4-- kg, tra bod carcas camel Bactria gwrywaidd yn gallu pwyso hyd at 650 kg.<ref name="mukasa81">{{Cite book|publisher=International Livestock Centre for Africa|volume=5|last=Mukasa-Mugerwa|first=E.|title=The Camel (Camelus Dromedarius): A Bibliographical Review|location=Ethiopia|series=International Livestock Centre for Africa Monograph|year=1981|pages=1, 3, 20–21, 65, 67–68}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMukasa-Mugerwa1981">Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. (1981). </cite></ref> Mae'r brisged, yr asennau a'r ystlys ymhlith y rhannau gorau, ac mae'r crwb yn cael ei ystyried yn ddanteithfwyd.<ref name="yagil-camelother">{{Cite book|title=Camels Products Other Than Milk|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6528E/X6528E06.htm|last=Yagil}}</ref> Mae'r cwb yn cynnwys braster gwyn y gellir ei ddefnyddio i wneud y ''khli'' (cig wedi'i gadw) o gig dafad, cig eidion neu gamel.<ref name="madame03">{{Cite book|title=Traditional Moroccan Cooking: Recipes from Fez|last=Madame Guinaudeau|publisher=Serif|location=London|year=2003|isbn=978-1-897959-43-5}}</ref> Ar y llaw arall, mae llaeth camel a chig yn gyfoethog mewn protein, fitaminau, glycogen, a maetholion eraill sy'n hanfodol yn neiet pobl. O gyfansoddiad cemegol i ansawdd cig, y camel dromedary yw'r brîd a ffafrir ar gyfer cynhyrchu cig.<ref>Aleme, A., D., 2013. </ref> Dywedir bod cig camel yn blasu fel cig eidion bras, ond gall camelod hŷn brofi'n wydn iawn,<ref name="camello">{{Cite web|publisher=Camello Safari|title=The amazing characteristics of the camels|access-date=26 November 2012|url=http://www.camellosafari.com/?page_id=251|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107134110/http://www.camellosafari.com/?page_id=251|archivedate=7 November 2012}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.camellosafari.com/?page_id=251 "The amazing characteristics of the camels"]. </cite></ref> <ref name="mukasa81" /> er bod cig camel yn dod yn fwy tyner po fwyaf y caiff ei goginio.<ref name="rubenstein10">{{Cite news|last=Rubenstein|first=Dustin|title=How to Cook Camel|work=The New York Times|access-date=7 December 2012|date=23 July 2010|url=http://scientistatwork.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/23/how-to-cook-camel/|quote=He cut the pieces very small and cooked them for a long time. I decided to try something a bit different the following night and cut the pieces a bit bigger and cooked them for less time, as I like my meat rarer than he does. This was a bad idea. It seems that the more you cook camel, the more tender it becomes. So we had what amounted to two pounds or more of rubber for dinner that night.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019192428/http://scientistatwork.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/23/how-to-cook-camel/|archive-date=19 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="jasra00">{{Cite book|publisher=The Camel Applied Research and Development Network|last=Jasra|first=Abdel Wahid|first2=G. B.|last2=Isani|last3=Camel Applied Research and Development Network|title=Socio-economics of camel herders in Pakistan|year=2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRRJAAAAYAAJ&q=nihari+camel+pakistan|page=164}}</ref> Mae cigyddion camel arbenigol yn darparu toriadau arbenigol, gyda'r crwb yn cael ei ystyried fel y mwyaf poblogaidd.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2013/apr/16/camel-meat-one-hump-two Anyone for camel meat? ]</ref>
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