Israel: Gwahaniaeth rhwng fersiynau

Cynnwys wedi'i ddileu Cynnwys wedi'i ychwanegu
manion
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[[Delwedd:Boycott Israel Today.PNG|bawd|380px|Rhestr o gmniaugwmniau o Israel sy'n gwerthu eu cynnyrch yn Ewrop; oddi wrth gefan 'Boycott Israel Today.<ref>[https://boycottisraeltoday.wordpress.com/boycott-israel/ Boycott Israel Today;] adalwyd 05 Ebrill 2015</ref>]]
Gwlad yn y [[Dwyrain Canol]] ar arfordir y [[Môr Canoldir]] yw '''Gwladwriaeth Israel''' neu '''Israel''' ([[Hebraeg]]: <span class="unicode audiolink">'''[[:Media:He-Medinat Israel.ogg|מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל]]'''</span>, ''Medinat Yisra'el''; [[Arabeg]]: '''دَوْلَةْ إِسْرَائِيل''', ''Dawlat Isrā'īl''). Cafodd ei sefydlu ym [[1948]] yn [[gwladwriaeth|wladwriaeth]] [[Iddewiaeth|Iddewig]]. Mae mwyafrif y bobl sydd yn byw yno yn [[Iddewon]], ond mae [[Arabiaid]] yn byw yno, hefyd. Lleolir [[Libanus]] i'r gogledd o'r wlad, [[Syria]] i'r gogledd-ddwyrain, [[Gwlad Iorddonen]] i'r dwyrain, a'r [[yr Aifft|Aifft]] i'r de. Mae'r [[Y Lan Orllewinol|Lan Orllewinol]] a [[Llain Gaza]] (ar arfordir y Môr Canoldir) o dan reolaeth Israel sydd hefyd wedi meddiannu [[Ucheldiroedd Golan]]. Mae Israel ar arfordir [[Gwlff Aqabah]], [[y Môr Marw]], a [[Môr Galilea]]. Fe'i diffinir yn ôl ei chyfansoddiad yn wladwriaeth Iddewig, ddemocrataidd; hi yw'r unig wladwriaeth â mwyafrif Iddewig yn y byd. <ref>http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2008/israel#.U8HiyrEWBws .Freedom in the World. Freedom House. 2008. Adalwyd 20 Mawrth 2012.</ref>
 
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Ymhlith y feirniadaeth gryfaf o Israel mae'r honiad ei bod yn hybu [[apartheid]] yn y ffordd mae'n trin y [[Palesteiniaid]]; mynegwyd hyn gan nifer o bobl fydenwog, gan gynnwys yr enillydd [[Gwobr Nobel am Heddwch|Gwobr Nobel]] [[Desmond Tutu]] a [[Nelson Mandela]].
 
| style="text-align: left;" |''"If one has to refer to any of the parties as a terrorist state, one might refer to the Israeli government, because they are the people who are slaughtering defenseless and innocent Arabs in the occupied territories, and we don't regard that as acceptable."''<ref>[http://www.israelnationalnews.com/ www.israelnationalnews.com [[Nelson Mandela]]: ''The International Day Of Solidarity With The Palestinian People''; Pretoria (4 Rhagfyr 1997)</ref>
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| style="text-align: left;" |''"If one has to refer to any of the parties as a terrorist state, one might refer to the Israeli government, because they are the people who are slaughtering defenseless and innocent Arabs in the occupied territories, and we don't regard that as acceptable."''
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''— [[Nelson Mandela]]:<br />The International Day Of Solidarity With The Palestinian People; Pretoria (4 Rhagfyr 1997)
[http://www.israelnationalnews.com/ www.israelnationalnews.com]<br/>
<ref>[http://anc.org.za/ www.anc.org website;] African National Congress; Address by President Nelson Mandela at the International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People; 4 Rhagfyr 1997, Pretoria; accessed 18 Gorffennaf 2014</ref>
<ref>Published December 06, 2013; [http://www.israelnationalnews.com/ www.israelnationalnews.com]</ref> <ref>[http://anc.org.za/show.php?id=3384 "The International Day Of Solidarity With The Palestinian People"], Pretoria (4 Rhagfyr 1997) </ref><ref>See full info on Wikiquotes [https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#The_International_Day_Of_Solidarity_With_The_Palestinian_People_.281997.29 here]</ref>
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Dywedodd Desmond Tutu, ''“This, in my book, is apartheid. It is untenable.”''<ref>[http://www.countercurrents.org/polya081213.htm ''Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu in support of BDS against Apartheid Israel (2012)''; adalwyd 18 Gorffennaf 2014</ref>, traethodd [[Nelson Mandela]]'n helaeth am y tebygrwydd rhwng Israel a'r hen De Affrica, ''“Our freedom is incomplete without the freedom of the Palestinians”''.<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/nelson-mandela-quotes-a-collection-of-memorable-words-from-former-south-african-president/ cnsnews.com; CBS News, 5 Rhagfyr 2013; accessed 18 Gorffennaf 2014</ref> a nododd [[Winnie Mandela]] ''“Apartheid Israel can be defeated, just as apartheid in South Africa was defeated”''<ref>[http://www.rabble.ca/news/2010/03/israel-and-apartheid-fair-comparison Winnie Mandela quoted in Edward C. Corrigan, “Israel and apartheid: a fair comparison?”, rabble.ca, 2 Mawrth 2010] adalwyd 19 Gorffennaf 2014</ref>. Yn ei lyfr ''[[Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid]]'' (cyhoeddwyd 2006) dywedodd cyn-Arlywydd Unol Daleithiau America [[Jimmy Carter]], fod yn Israel ''“a system of apartheid, with two peoples occupying the same land but completely separated from each other, with Israelis totally dominant and suppressing violence by depriving Palestinians of their basic human rights.”''<ref>http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/library/carterbi.phtml</ref><ref>According to http://www.nytimes.com/pages/books/bestseller/index.html "Best Sellers: Hardcover Nonfiction", ''New York Times'', accessed 27 January 2007: ''Palestine Peace Not Apartheid'' was number 6 on the list as of date accessed. It was listed as number 11 in [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/18/books/bestseller/0318besthardnonfiction.html?pagewanted=print "New York Times Best Sellers: Hardcover Nonfiction"] on 18 March 2007, on the list for 15 weeks for the week ending 3 March 2007. As of 6 May 2007 it no longer appears on the expanded list featured at that site</ref> Ar y llaw arall ceir rhai'n mynegi nad oes apartheid yma; dywedodd Benjamin Pogrund, cynrychiolydd Israel yn y [[Cenhedloedd Unedig]] ''“ Occupation is brutalising and corrupting both Palestinians and Israelis ... [b]ut it is not apartheid. Palestinians are not oppressed on racial grounds as Arabs, but, rather, as competitors — until now, at the losing end — in a national/religious conflict for land.”''<ref name=Pogrund>[[Benjamin Pogrund|Pogrund, Benjamin]]. [http://www.mideastweb.org/israel_apartheid.htm ''"Apartheid? Israel is a democracy in which Arabs vote"''], MidEastWeb. First published in ''Focus 40'' (Rhagfyr 2005). Adalwyd 29 Rhagfyr 2006.</ref>
 
==Coginio a bwyd==
[[File:Classic Hanukkah sufganiyot.JPG|thumb|chwith|140px|''[[Sufganiyah|Sufganiyot]]'' ar [[Hanukkah]]]]
Mae bwyd Israelaidd yn gymysgedd o fwyd lleol a bwyd a ddaeth o bedwar ban y byd, wrth i'r Israeliaid grynhoi yma yn yr 1950au. Datblygwyd math o fwyd a elwir yn ''Israeli fusion cuisine''. ''Kosher'' yw'r bwyd mwyaf poblogaidd a chaiff ei goginio yn ôl yr [[Halakha]] Iddewig. Gan fod y boblogaeth naill ai'n Iddewon neu'n Fwslemiaid, pur anaml y gwelir cig mochyn ar y fwydlen. Ceir sawl cwmni sy'n allforio eu cynnyrch, ac sy'n cael eu boicotio gan lawer o bobl:
*Burgeranch
Llinell 87 ⟶ 79:
*Nestle
*Dŵr Evian a Volvic
 
[[Delwedd:Boycott Israel Today.PNG|bawd|Rhestr o gmniau o Israel sy'n gwerthu eu cynnyrch yn Ewrop; oddi wrth gefan 'Boycott Israel Today.<ref>[https://boycottisraeltoday.wordpress.com/boycott-israel/ Boycott Israel Today;] adalwyd 05 Ebrill 2015</ref>]]