Rhaglen Ryngwladol Asesu Myfyrwyr: Gwahaniaeth rhwng fersiynau
Cynnwys wedi'i ddileu Cynnwys wedi'i ychwanegu
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Llinell 1:
Astudiaeth fyd-eang gan y Mudiad dros Gydweithrediad a Datblygiad Economaidd (''Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development'') (OECD) o berfformiad [[addysg]]ol disgyblion 15 mlwydd oed ym meysydd [[mathemateg]], [[gwyddoniaeth]] a darllen ydy'r '''Programme for International Assessment''' (PISA). Cafodd ei gyflwyno am y tro cyntaf yn 2000 ac yna pob tair blynedd ers hynny. Caiff yr asesiad ei gynnal gyda'r nod o wella polisïau ac allbynnau addysgol. Gwneir defnydd cynyddol o'r data i asesu dylanwad safonau addysgol ar incwmau a thwf ac er mwyn deall yr hyn sy'n achosi gwahaniaethau ymhlith gwahanol genhedloedd.
Cymrodd 470,000 o ddisgyblion 15 mlwydd oed o 65 o genhedloedd a thiriogaethau ran ym mhrofion PISA yn 2009. Ym mhrofion 2012, cymeroddodd 34 o wledydd OECD ran, a 31 o wledydd eraill, gyda 510,000 o ddisgyblion - 40,000 yn fwy na'r tro cynt.<ref name=PISA2012>{{citation|title = PISA 2012 Results in Focus|publisher = [[OECD]]|date = 3 December 2013|accessdate = 4 Rhagfyr 2013|url = http://www.oecd.org/pisa/keyfindings/pisa-2012-results-overview.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmec.ca/508/Programs-and-Initiatives/Assessment/Programme-for-International-Student-Assessment-(PISA)/PISA-2015/index.html|title=''Programme for International Student Assessment'' (PISA)|website=''The Council of Ministers of Education, Canada''|accessdate=2016-06-05}}</ref>
==Gwledydd Prydain==
Ym mhrofion 2009 a 2012 roedd canlyniad y profion yng ngwledydd Prydain ychydig uwch na'r cyfartaledd, gyda gwyddoniaeth yn uwch na mathemateg a darllen.<ref name=adams>{{citation|first = Richard|last = Adams|date = 2013-12-03|url = http://www.theguardian.com/education/2013/dec/03/uk-students-education-oecd-pisa-report|title = UK students stuck in educational doldrums, OECD study finds|publisher = [[The Guardian]]|accessdate = 2013-12-04}}</ref> Ceir canlyniadau ar wahân i'r gwledydd hyn a'r canlyniad gwaethaf yn y blynyddoedd hyn oedd mathemateg yng Nghymru, gyda Chymru'n 43ydd allan o 65 gwlad. Yn ôl y Gweinidog Addysg ar y pryd, Huw Lewis, nid oedd ateb sydyn i'r broblem.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-25196974 ''Pisa ranks Wales' education the worst in the UK''] [[BBC]]. 3 Rhagfyr 2013. Adalwyd Rhagfyr 2013.</ref> Nid oes fawr o wahaniaeth rhwng canlyniadau disgyblion ysgolion breifat y DU ac ysgolion awdurdodau lleol, ac roedd y gwahaniaeth rhwng bechgyn a merched yn llai nag yn y rhan fwyaf o wledydd, lle mae'r ferch, ar y cyfan, yn perfformio'n well na'r bechgyn.<ref name=adams/>
==2012==
{| cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="float:left; border:gray solid 1px; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:85%;"
|+OECD members as of the time of the study are in '''boldface'''.
|-
! style="background:#ceceee;"|Mathematics
! style="background:#cecece;"|Science
! style="background:#fcc;"|Reading
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{| width=240
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|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai]], [[China]]
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|2
|{{flagcountry|Singapore}}
|573
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|3
|{{flagcountry|Hong Kong}}, [[China]]
|561
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|4
|{{flagcountry|Taiwan}}
|560
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|5
|'''{{flagcountry|South Korea}}'''
|554
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|6
|{{flagcountry|Macao}}, [[China]]
|538
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|7
|'''{{flagcountry|Japan}}'''
|536
|-
|8
|{{flagcountry|Liechtenstein}}
|535
|-
|9
|'''{{flagcountry|Switzerland}}'''
|531
|-
|10
|'''{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}'''
|523
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|11
|'''{{flagcountry|Estonia}}'''
|521
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|12
|'''{{flagcountry|Finland}}'''
|519
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|13=
|'''{{flagcountry|Canada}}'''
|518
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|13=
|'''{{flagcountry|Poland}}'''
|518
|-
|15
|'''{{flagcountry|Belgium}}'''
|515
|-
|16
|'''{{flagcountry|Germany}}'''
|514
|-
|17
|{{flagcountry|Viet Nam}}
|511
|-
|18
|'''{{flagcountry|Austria}}'''
|506
|-
|19
|'''{{flagcountry|Australia}}'''
|504
|-
|20=
|'''{{flagcountry|Ireland}}'''
|501
|-
|20=
|'''{{flagcountry|Slovenia}}'''
|501
|-
|22=
|'''{{flagcountry|Denmark}}'''
|500
|-
|22=
|'''{{flagcountry|New Zealand}}'''
|500
|-
|24
|'''{{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}'''
|499
|-
|25
|'''{{flagcountry|France}}'''
|495
|-
|26
|'''{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}'''
|494
|-
|27
|'''{{flagcountry|Iceland}}'''
|493
|-
|28
|{{flagcountry|Latvia}}
|491
|-
|29
|'''{{flagcountry|Luxembourg}}'''
|490
|-
|30
|'''{{flagcountry|Norway}}'''
|489
|-
|31
|'''{{flagcountry|Portugal}}'''
|487
|-
|32
|'''{{flagcountry|Italy}}'''
|485
|-
|33
|'''{{flagcountry|Spain}}'''
|484
|-
|34=
|{{flagcountry|Russian Federation}}
|482
|-
|34=
|'''{{flagcountry|Slovak Republic}}'''
|482
|-
|36
|'''{{flagcountry|United States}}'''
|481
|-
|37
|{{flagcountry|Lithuania}}
|479
|-
|38
|'''{{flagcountry|Sweden}}'''
|478
|-
|39
|'''{{flagcountry|Hungary}}'''
|477
|-
|40
|{{flagcountry|Croatia}}
|471
|-
|41
|'''{{flagcountry|Israel}}'''
|466
|-
|42
|'''{{flagcountry|Greece}}'''
|453
|-
|43
|{{flagcountry|Serbia}}
|449
|-
|44
|'''{{flagcountry|Turkey}}'''
|448
|-
|45
|{{flagcountry|Romania}}
|445
|-
|46
|{{flagcountry|Cyprus}}
|440
|-
|47
|{{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
|439
|-
|48
|{{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}
|434
|-
|49
|{{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
|432
|-
|50
|{{flagcountry|Thailand}}
|427
|-
|51
|'''{{flagcountry|Chile}}'''
|423
|-
|52
|{{flagcountry|Malaysia}}
|421
|-
|53
|'''{{flagcountry|Mexico}}'''
|413
|-
|54
|{{flagcountry|Montenegro}}
|410
|-
|55
|{{flagcountry|Uruguay}}
|409
|-
|56
|{{flagcountry|Costa Rica}}
|407
|-
|57
|{{flagcountry|Albania}}
|394
|-
|58
|{{flagcountry|Brazil}}
|391
|-
|59=
|{{flagcountry|Argentina}}
|388
|-
|59=
|{{flagcountry|Tunisia}}
|388
|-
|61
|{{flagcountry|Jordan}}
|386
|-
|62=
|{{flagcountry|Colombia}}
|376
|-
|62=
|{{flagcountry|Qatar}}
|376
|-
|64
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|375
|-
|65
|{{flagcountry|Peru}}
|368
|}
|
{| width=240
|-
|1
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai]], [[China]]
|580
|-
|2
|{{flagcountry|Hong Kong}}, [[China]]
|555
|-
|3
|{{flagcountry|Singapore}}
|551
|-
|4
|'''{{flagcountry|Japan}}'''
|547
|-
|5
|'''{{flagcountry|Finland}}'''
|545
|-
|6
|'''{{flagcountry|Estonia}}'''
|541
|-
|7
|'''{{flagcountry|South Korea}}'''
|538
|-
|8
|{{flagcountry|Viet Nam}}
|528
|-
|9
|'''{{flagcountry|Poland}}'''
|526
|-
|10=
|{{flagcountry|Liechtenstein}}
|525
|-
|10=
|'''{{flagcountry|Canada}}'''
|525
|-
|12
|'''{{flagcountry|Germany}}'''
|524
|-
|13
|{{flagcountry|Taiwan}}
|523
|-
|14=
|'''{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}'''
|522
|-
|14=
|'''{{flagcountry|Ireland}}'''
|522
|-
|16=
|{{flagcountry|Macao}}, [[China]]
|521
|-
|16=
|'''{{flagcountry|Australia}}'''
|521
|-
|18
|'''{{flagcountry|New Zealand}}'''
|516
|-
|19
|'''{{flagcountry|Switzerland}}'''
|515
|-
|20=
|'''{{flagcountry|Slovenia}}'''
|514
|-
|20=
|'''{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}'''
|514
|-
|22
|'''{{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}'''
|508
|-
|23
|'''{{flagcountry|Austria}}'''
|506
|-
|24
|'''{{flagcountry|Belgium}}'''
|505
|-
|25
|{{flagcountry|Latvia}}
|502
|-
|26
|'''{{flagcountry|France}}'''
|499
|-
|27
|'''{{flagcountry|Denmark}}'''
|498
|-
|28
|'''{{flagcountry|United States}}'''
|497
|-
|29=
|'''{{flagcountry|Spain}}'''
|496
|-
|29=
|{{flagcountry|Lithuania}}
|496
|-
|31
|'''{{flagcountry|Norway}}'''
|495
|-
|32=
|'''{{flagcountry|Italy}}'''
|494
|-
|32=
|'''{{flagcountry|Hungary}}'''
|494
|-
|34=
|'''{{flagcountry|Luxembourg}}'''
|491
|-
|34=
|{{flagcountry|Croatia}}
|491
|-
|36
|'''{{flagcountry|Portugal}}'''
|489
|-
|37
|{{flagcountry|Russian Federation}}
|486
|-
|38
|'''{{flagcountry|Sweden}}'''
|485
|-
|39
|'''{{flagcountry|Iceland}}'''
|478
|-
|40
|'''{{flagcountry|Slovak Republic}}'''
|471
|-
|41
|'''{{flagcountry|Israel}}'''
|470
|-
|42
|'''{{flagcountry|Greece}}'''
|467
|-
|43
|'''{{flagcountry|Turkey}}'''
|463
|-
|44
|{{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}
|448
|-
|45
|{{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
|446
|-
|46=
|{{flagcountry|Serbia}}
|445
|-
|46=
|'''{{flagcountry|Chile}}'''
|445
|-
|48
|{{flagcountry|Thailand}}
|444
|-
|49
|{{flagcountry|Romania}}
|439
|-
|50
|{{flagcountry|Cyprus}}
|438
|-
|51
|{{flagcountry|Costa Rica}}
|429
|-
|52
|{{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
|425
|-
|53
|{{flagcountry|Malaysia}}
|420
|-
|54
|{{flagcountry|Uruguay}}
|416
|-
|55
|'''{{flagcountry|Mexico}}'''
|415
|-
|56
|{{flagcountry|Montenegro}}
|410
|-
|57
|{{flagcountry|Jordan}}
|409
|-
|58
|{{flagcountry|Argentina}}
|406
|-
|59
|{{flagcountry|Brazil}}
|405
|-
|60
|{{flagcountry|Colombia}}
|399
|-
|61
|{{flagcountry|Tunisia}}
|398
|-
|62
|{{flagcountry|Albania}}
|397
|-
|63
|{{flagcountry|Qatar}}
|384
|-
|64
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|382
|-
|65
|{{flagcountry|Peru}}
|373
|}
|
{| width=240
|-
|1
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai]], [[China]]
|570
|-
|2
|{{flagcountry|Hong Kong}}, [[China]]
|545
|-
|3
|{{flagcountry|Singapore}}
|542
|-
|4
|'''{{flagcountry|Japan}}'''
|538
|-
|5
|'''{{flagcountry|South Korea}}'''
|536
|-
|6
|'''{{flagcountry|Finland}}'''
|524
|-
|7=
|{{flagcountry|Taiwan}}
|523
|-
|7=
|'''{{flagcountry|Canada}}'''
|523
|-
|7=
|'''{{flagcountry|Ireland}}'''
|523
|-
|10
|'''{{flagcountry|Poland}}'''
|518
|-
|11=
|{{flagcountry|Liechtenstein}}
|516
|-
|11=
|'''{{flagcountry|Estonia}}'''
|516
|-
|13=
|'''{{flagcountry|Australia}}'''
|512
|-
|13=
|'''{{flagcountry|New Zealand}}'''
|512
|-
|15
|'''{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}'''
|511
|-
|16=
|{{flagcountry|Macao}}, [[China]]
|509
|-
|16=
|'''{{flagcountry|Switzerland}}'''
|509
|-
|16=
|'''{{flagcountry|Belgium}}'''
|509
|-
|19=
|'''{{flagcountry|Germany}}'''
|508
|-
|19=
|{{flagcountry|Viet Nam}}
|508
|-
|21
|'''{{flagcountry|France}}'''
|505
|-
|22
|'''{{flagcountry|Norway}}'''
|504
|-
|23
|'''{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}'''
|499
|-
|24
|'''{{flagcountry|United States}}'''
|498
|-
|25
|'''{{flagcountry|Denmark}}'''
|496
|-
|26
|'''{{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}'''
|493
|-
|27=
|'''{{flagcountry|Austria}}'''
|490
|-
|27=
|'''{{flagcountry|Italy}}'''
|490
|-
|29
|{{flagcountry|Latvia}}
|489
|-
|30=
|'''{{flagcountry|Luxembourg}}'''
|488
|-
|30=
|'''{{flagcountry|Portugal}}'''
|488
|-
|30=
|'''{{flagcountry|Spain}}'''
|488
|-
|30=
|'''{{flagcountry|Hungary}}'''
|488
|-
|34
|'''{{flagcountry|Israel}}'''
|486
|-
|35
|{{flagcountry|Croatia}}
|485
|-
|36=
|'''{{flagcountry|Iceland}}'''
|483
|-
|36=
|'''{{flagcountry|Sweden}}'''
|483
|-
|38
|'''{{flagcountry|Slovenia}}'''
|481
|-
|39=
|{{flagcountry|Lithuania}}
|477
|-
|39=
|'''{{flagcountry|Greece}}'''
|477
|-
|41=
|{{flagcountry|Russian Federation}}
|475
|-
|41=
|'''{{flagcountry|Turkey}}'''
|475
|-
|43
|'''{{flagcountry|Slovak Republic}}'''
|463
|-
|44
|{{flagcountry|Cyprus}}
|449
|-
|45
|{{flagcountry|Serbia}}
|446
|-
|46
|{{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}
|442
|-
|47=
|{{flagcountry|Thailand}}
|441
|-
|47=
|'''{{flagcountry|Chile}}'''
|441
|-
|47=
|{{flagcountry|Costa Rica}}
|441
|-
|50
|{{flagcountry|Romania}}
|438
|-
|51
|{{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
|436
|-
|52
|'''{{flagcountry|Mexico}}'''
|424
|-
|53
|{{flagcountry|Montenegro}}
|422
|-
|54
|{{flagcountry|Uruguay}}
|411
|-
|55
|{{flagcountry|Brazil}}
|410
|-
|56
|{{flagcountry|Tunisia}}
|404
|-
|57
|{{flagcountry|Colombia}}
|403
|-
|58
|{{flagcountry|Jordan}}
|399
|-
|59
|{{flagcountry|Malaysia}}
|398
|-
|60=
|{{flagcountry|Argentina}}
|396
|-
|60=
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|396
|-
|62
|{{flagcountry|Albania}}
|394
|-
|63
|{{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}
|393
|-
|64
|{{flagcountry|Qatar}}
|388
|-
|65
|{{flagcountry|Peru}}
|384
|}
|}<noinclude>
[[Categori:Nodion addysg]]
</noinclude>
==Cyfeiriadau==
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