Chiricahua: Gwahaniaeth rhwng fersiynau
Cynnwys wedi'i ddileu Cynnwys wedi'i ychwanegu
Tudalen newydd: 225px|thumb|Y llwythau Apache tua'r 18fed ganrif (Ch - Chiricahua, WA - [[Apache Gorllewinol, N - Navajo, M - Mescalero, J - [[Jicarilla... |
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Llinell 1:
[[Image:Apachean ca.18-century.png|225px|thumb|Y llwythau Apache tua'r 18fed ganrif (Ch - Chiricahua, WA - [[Apache Gorllewinol]], N - [[Navajo]], M - [[Mescalero]], J - [[Jicarilla]], L - [[Lipan]], Pl - [[Apache'r Gwastadeddau]]]]
Grŵp o fandiau cysylltiedig o bobl [[Apache]] a oedd yn byw ar un adeg yn yr hyn sydd heddiw yn [[New Mexico]] ac [[Arizona]] yn yr [[Unol Daleithiau]] a [[Sonora]] a [[Chihuahua]] ym [[Mexico]] yw'r '''Chiricahua''' (hefyd '''Apaches Chiricahua''', '''Chiricagui''', '''Apaches de Chiricahui''', '''Chiricahues''', '''Chilicague''', '''Chilecagez''', '''Chiricagua'''). Dyma'r pwysicaf o'r grwpiau Apache a ffurfiodd ganolbwynt gwrthsafiad y bobl honno i drefedigaethwyr yr Unol Daleithiau yn ail hanner y 19eg ganrif. Siaradent yr iaith [[Chiricahua (iaith)|Chiricahua]].
===Hanes===
Llinell 13:
Mae rhai Chiricahua yn dal i fyw yn Oklahoma neu ar ''reservation'' y [[Mescalero]] yn New Mexico. Ychydig iawn o'r Chiricahua sy'n byw yn eu hen fro yn Arizona.
===Llyfryddiaeth==
* Castetter, Edward F.; & Opler, Morris E. (1936). ''The ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache: The use of plants for foods, beverages and narcotics''. Ethnobiological studies in the American Southwest, (Vol. 3); Biological series (Vol. 4, No. 5); Bulletin, University of New Mexico, whole, (No. 297). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
* Hoijer, Harry; & Opler, Morris E. (1938). ''Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache texts''. The University of Chicago publications in anthropology; Linguistic series. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Reprinted 1964 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; in 1970 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; & in 1980 under H. Hoijer by New York: AMS Press, ISBN 0-404-15783-1).
* Opler, Morris E. (1933). ''An analysis of Mescalero and Chiricahua Apache social organization in the light of their systems of relationship''. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago.
* Opler, Morris E. (1935). The concept of supernatural power among the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apaches. ''American Anthropologist'', ''37'' (1), 65-70.
* Opler, Morris E. (1936). The kinship systems of the Southern Athabaskan-speaking tribes. ''American Anthropologist'', ''38'' (4), 620-633.
* Opler, Morris E. (1937). An outline of Chiricahua Apache social organization. In F. Egan (Ed.), ''Social anthropology of North American tribes'' (pp. 171-239). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
* Opler, Morris E. (1938). A Chiricahua Apache's account of the Geronimo campaign of 1886. ''New Mexico Historical Review'', ''13'' (4), 360-386.
* Opler, Morris E. (1941). ''An Apache life-way: The economic, social, and religious institutions of the Chiricahua Indians''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. (Reprinted in 1962 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; in 1965 by New York: Cooper Square Publishers; in 1965 by Chicago: University of Chicago Press; & in 1994 by Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, ISBN 0-8032-8610-4).
* Opler, Morris E. (1942). The identity of the Apache Mansos. ''American Anthropologist'', ''44'' (1), 725.
* Opler, Morris E. (1946). Chiricahua Apache material relating to sorcery. ''Primitive Man'', ''19'' (3-4), 81-92.
* Opler, Morris E. (1946). Mountain spirits of the Chiricahua Apache. ''Masterkey'', ''20'' (4), 125-131.
* Opler, Morris E. (1947). Notes on Chiricahua Apache culture, I: Supernatural power and the shaman. ''Primitive Man'', ''20'' (1-2), 1-14.
* Opler, Morris E. (1983). Chiricahua Apache. In A. Ortiz (Ed.), ''Southwest'' (pp. 401-418). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 10). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
* Opler, Morris E.; & French, David H. (1941). ''Myths and tales of the Chiricahua Apache Indians''. Memoirs of the American folk-lore society, (Vol. 37). New York: American Folk-lore Society. (Reprinted in 1969 by New York: Kraus Reprint Co.; in 1970 by New York; in 1976 by Millwood, NY: Kraus Reprint Co.; & in 1994 under M. E. Opler, Morris by Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-8602-3).
* Opler, Morris E.; & Hoijer, Harry. (1940). The raid and war-path language of the Chiricahua Apache. ''American Anthropologist'', ''42'' (4), 617-634.
* Schroeder, Albert H. (1974). ''A study of the Apache Indians: Parts IV and V''. Apache Indians (No. 4), American Indian ethnohistory, Indians of the Southwest. New York: Garland.
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