Clefyd cronig yr arennau: Gwahaniaeth rhwng fersiynau

Cynnwys wedi'i ddileu Cynnwys wedi'i ychwanegu
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Sian EJ (sgwrs | cyfraniadau)
→‎top: Golygu cyffredinol (manion), replaced: Y mae → Mae (2) using AWB
Llinell 3:
Mae '''clefyd cronig yr arennau''' ('''CKD''') yn glefyd [[Aren|arennau]] sy'n achosi i'w swyddogaeth ddirywio'n raddol dros gyfnod o fisoedd neu flynyddoedd.<ref name=NIH2017What>{{cite web|title=What Is Chronic Kidney Disease?|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/what-is-chronic-kidney-disease|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=19 December 2017|date=June 2017}}</ref> Ni ymddangosir symptomau ar ddechrau'r cyflwr fel rheol. Mae modd i'r clefyd arwain at sgil-effeithiau diweddarach, gan gynnwys chwyddo yn y [[Coes|coesau]], blinder, chwydu, colli awydd bwyta, neu ddryswch datblygol. Gall achosi gymhlethdodau megis [[clefyd y galon]], [[pwysedd gwaed]] uchel, clefyd esgyrn, neu [[Anaemia|anemia]]..<ref name=Li2012>{{cite journal |title=Insulin Resistance in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease |year=2012 |last1=Liao |first1=Min-Tser |last2=Sung |first2=Chih-Chien |last3=Hung |first3=Kuo-Chin |last4=Wu |first4=Chia-Chao |last5=Lo |first5=Lan |last6=Lu |first6=Kuo-Cheng |journal=Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology |volume=2012 |pages=1–5 |pmid=22919275 |pmc=3420350|doi=10.1155/2012/691369}}</ref>
 
Gall y canlynol arwain at glefyd cronig yr arennau; [[Clefyd y siwgr|clefyd y siwgwr]], pwysedd gwaed uchel, glomeruloneffritis, a chlefyd arennau polycystig.<ref name=Hop2017>{{cite web|title=What is renal failure?|url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/kidney_and_urinary_system_disorders/end_stage_renal_disease_esrd_85,P01474|website=Johns Hopkins Medicine|accessdate=18 December 2017|language=en}}</ref> Mae ffactorau risg yn cynnwys hanes teuluol o'r cyflwr. Yn gyffredinol, gwneir diagnosis ar sail [[Prawf gwaed|profion gwaed]] er mwyn archwilio cyfradd hidlif glomerwlaidd ynghyd a phrofion dŵr sy'n  mesur albwmin.<ref name=NIH2016Diag>{{cite web|title=Chronic Kidney Disease Tests & Diagnosis|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/tests-diagnosis|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=19 December 2017|date=October 2016}}</ref> Gellir cynnal profion pellach fel uwchsain neu [[biopsi]] aren er mwyn canfod yr achos sylfaenol. Y maeMae nifer o wahanol systemau dosbarthu yn bodoli.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Summary of Recommendation Statements|journal=Kidney International Supplement|date=January 2013|volume=3|issue=1|pages=5–14|doi=10.1038/kisup.2012.77}}</ref>
 
Argymhellir sganio pobl sydd oddi tan risg. Gall triniaethau cychwynnol gynnwys [[Meddyginiaeth|meddyginiaethau]] i reoli'r pwysedd gwaed, lefelau siwgr yn y gwaed, a [[cholesterol]] isel. Dylid osgoi NSAIDau.<ref name=NIH2016Tx>{{cite web|title=Managing Chronic Kidney Disease|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/managing|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|date=October 2016}}</ref> Y maeMae'r dulliau gwarchodol eraill yn cynnwys cadw'n heini a mân newidiadau dietegol. Mewn achosion difrifol o'r cyflwr mae'n bosib y bydd angen hemodialysis, dialysis peritoneol, neu [[Trawsblannu organau|drawsblaniad]] aren.<ref name=NIH2017>{{cite web|title=Kidney Failure|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=11 November 2017}}</ref> Weithiau bydd yn ofynnol derbyn triniaethau ar gyfer anemia a chlefyd esgyrn hefyd.<ref name=NIH2016Anemia>{{cite web|title=Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/anemia|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|accessdate=19 December 2017|date=July 2016}}</ref>
 
Yn 2015 effeithiodd clefyd cronig yr arennau ar oddeutu 323 miliwn o bobl yn fyd-eang.<ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence|first1=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282}}</ref> Arweiniodd at 1.2 miliwn o farwolaethau yn yr un flwyddyn, cynnydd o'r 409,000 a welwyd ym 1990.<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death|first1=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281}}</ref> Ymhlith yr achosion sy'n arwain at y fwyaf o farwolaethau y mae pwysedd gwaed uchel (550,000), clefyd y siwgr (418,000), a glomeruloneffritis (238,000).