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== Daearyddiaeth ==
Lleolir Caersalem ar fryniau o uchder canolig yng nghanol Bryniau [[Jwdea]], tua 30 km i'r gorllewin o lannau gogledd-orllewinol [[y Môr Marw]].
[[File:Flag photo Palestine.jpg|thumb|]]
[[File:Palestine-Mandate-Ensign-1927-1948.svg|thumb|]]
[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|thumb|PALESTINE FLAG]]
[[File:PalestineAndTransjordan.png|thumb|PALESTINE AND TRANSJORDAN UNDER BRITISH MANDATE]]
[[File:Jerusalem Dome of the rock BW 14.JPG|thumb|Dome In Jerusalem, The Capital City Of State Of Palestine]]
[[File:Harhab mini.JPG|thumb| Dome in Jerusalem The Capital City Of Palestine]]
[[File:PalestineP7b-1Pound-1929-donatedtj f.jpg|thumb|PALESTINE POUND]]
[[File:Palestine Mandate Stamp 92.jpg|thumb|PALESTINE STAMP UNDER BRITISH MANDATE]]
[[File:British_mandate_stamp.jpg|thumb|PALESTINE STAMP UNDER BRITISH MANDATE]]
[[File:عملة فلسطينية معدنية.jpg|thumb|]]
[[File:British Mandate Palestinian passport.jpg|thumb|]]
[[File:Palestine recognition only.svg|thumb|]]
[[File:1759 map Holy Land and 12 Tribes.jpg|thumb|PALESTINE 1759]]
[[File:Modern Palestine, Illustrated atlas, and modern history of the World, 1851.jpg|thumb|PALESTINE 1851]]
[[File:1864 Johnson Map of Israel, Palestine, or the Holy Land - Geographicus - Palestine-j-64.jpg|thumb|PALESTINE 1864]]
[[File:Map of Palestine in Russian, a. 1900.jpg|thumb|PALESTINE 1900]]
[[File:Palestine according to Eusbius and Jerome - Smith 1915.jpg|thumb|PALESTINE 1915]]
[[File:BritishMandatePalestine1920.png|thumb|Palestine 1920]]
[[File:Palestine frontier 1922.png|thumb|PALESTINE 1922]]
[[File:Palestine south 1924.jpg|thumb|PALESTINE 1924]]
[[File:Palestina 1946.jpg|thumb|PALESTINE 1946]]
[[File:UN Partition Plan Palestine.png|thumb|PALESTINE 1947]]
[[File:Satellite image of Israel in January 2003.jpg|thumb| Palestine 2022]]
Mae Jerwsalem wedi ei lleoli ar ran deheuol llwyfandir ym Mynyddoedd y Judeaidd, sy'n cynnwys Mynydd yr Olewydd (Dwyrain) a Mynydd Scopus (Gogledd Ddwyrain). Uchder yr Hen Ddinas yw tua 760m (2,490 troedfedd). Amgylchynir Jerwsalem gan gymoedd ac afonydd sych (neu 'wadis'). Mae dyffrynoedd Kidron, Hinnom, a Tyropoeon yn croesi mewn ardal ychydig i'r de o Hen Ddinas Jerwsalem a rhed Dyffryn Kidron i'r dwyrain o'r Hen Ddinas gan wahanu Mynydd yr Olewydd a'r ddinas. Ar hyd ochr ddeheuol hen Jerwsalem mae Dyffryn Hinnom, mynwent serth sy'n gysylltiedig â storiau Beiblaidd am Gehenna, sy'n symbol o [[uffern]].
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