Pupur tsili: Gwahaniaeth rhwng fersiynau

Ffrwyth planhigion o'r [[genws]] ''Capsicum'' sy'n aelodau o deulu'r codwarth, Solanaceae, yw'r '''pupur tsili.'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/et-sunday-magazine/indian-chilli-displacing-jalapenos-in-global-cuisine/articleshow/8190311.cms|title=Indian chilli displacing jalapenos in global cuisine – The Economic Times|last=Dasgupta|first=Reshmi R|date=8 May 2011|work=The Times Of India}}</ref> Daw'r gair o'r iaith [[Nahwatleg|Nahuatleg]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=HORT410. Peppers – Notes|publisher=[[Purdue University]] Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture|url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/rhodcv/hort410/pepper/pe00001.htm|quote=Common name: pepper. Latin name: Capsicum annuum L. ... Harvested organ: fruit. Fruit varies substantially in shape, pericarp thickness, color and pungency.|access-date=20 October 2009}}</ref> Defnyddir puprau tsili yn eang mewn llawer o fwydydd fel sbeis i ychwanegu gwres i brydau. Y sylweddau sy'n rhoi i ddwysedd puprau'r tsili pan fyddant yn cael eu llyncu neu eu cymhwyso'n topig yw [[capsaicin]] a chyfansoddion cysylltiedig a elwir yn [[Capsaicin|capsaicinoidau]] .

 

 

Pan gyrhaeddodd [[Christopher Columbus]] a'i griw y [[Y Caribî|Caribî]], hwy oedd yr Ewropeaid cyntaf i ddod ar draws ''Capsicum'', gan eu galw'n “puprau” oherwydd bod ganddynt, fel [[pupur du]] o'r genws ''Piper'' sy'n hysbys yn Ewrop, flas sbeislyd, poeth yn wahanol i fwydydd eraill.<ref name="cabi_2000">{{Cite book|last=Bosland|first=Paul W.|last2=Votava|first2=Eric|title=Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicums|date=2000|publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International|CABI]]|location=[[New York City]]|isbn=9780851993355|page=1|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ESCNZMvMAYAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|access-date=November 29, 2018|language=en}}</ref>

Lledaenodd puprau tsili i Asia wedi i fasnachwyr Portiwgaleg, a oedd yn ymwybodol o'i werth masnach a'i debygrwydd i sbeisrwydd pupur du, hyrwyddo ei fasnach yn llwybrau masnach sbeis Asiaidd.<ref name="bosland">{{Cite book|last=Bosland, P.W.|date=1998|chapter=Capsicums: Innovative uses of an ancient crop|pages=479–487|editor-last=J. Janick|title=Progress in New Crops|publisher=ASHS Press|location=Arlington, VA|access-date=23 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="cabi_2000">{{Cite book|last=Bosland|first=Paul W.|last2=Votava|first2=Eric|title=Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicums|date=2000|publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International|CABI]]|location=[[New York City]]|isbn=9780851993355|page=1|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ESCNZMvMAYAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|access-date=November 29, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Collingham|first=Elizabeth|title=Curry|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=February 2006|isbn=978-0-09-943786-4}}</ref> Fe'i cyflwynwyd i India gan y Portiwgaliaid tua diwedd y 15fed ganrif.<ref name="E.V.Nybe2007">{{Cite book|last=N.Mini Raj|last2=K.V.Peter E.V.Nybe|title=Spices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHs6ANrJ-MEC&pg=PA107|date=1 January 2007|publisher=New India Publishing|isbn=978-81-89422-44-8|pages=107–}}</ref> defnyddir puprau tsili yn gyffredin ar draws rhanbarthau amrywiol mewn bwyd Asiaidd [[21ain ganrif|o 21g]]. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Simon Robinson|title=Chili Peppers: Global Warming|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1628191_1626317_1632291,00.html|publisher=Time Magazine|access-date=25 May 2019|date=14 June 2007}}</ref> <ref name="forbes">{{Cite web|last=John McQuaid|title=What's driving the global chili pepper craze?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnmcquaid/2015/02/20/whats-driving-the-global-chili-pepper-craze/#367c71eb7e0d|publisher=Forbes Media LLC|access-date=25 May 2019|date=20 February 2015}}</ref>