Mae'r siart isod yn dangos sut mae'r IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) yn cynrychioli'r Almaeneg.
| Cytseiniaid
|
| IPA |
Enghraifft |
Sain
|
| b
|
Ball[1] |
ball
|
| ç
|
ich, durch |
hyll
|
| d
|
dann[1] |
dafad
|
| f
|
Fass, Vogel |
fan
|
| ɡ
|
Gast[1] |
'gogoledd
|
| h
|
hat |
het
|
| j
|
ja |
iâr
|
| k
|
kalt |
car
|
| l
|
Last |
lemon
|
| m
|
Mast |
mynnu
|
| n
|
Naht |
neges
|
| ŋ
|
lang |
llong
|
| p
|
Pakt |
porffor
|
| pf
|
Pfahl |
tebyg i cupfull (Saesneg)
|
| ʁ
|
Rast[2] |
yn debyg iawn i'r ch Gymraeg
|
| ʀ
|
|
| r
|
yn debyg i t' fel yn twmffat
|
| s
|
Hast |
mast
|
| ʃ
|
schal, Stein |
shop
|
| t
|
Tal |
tôn
|
| ts
|
Zahl |
atsain
|
| tʃ
|
Matsch |
cwts
|
| v
|
was |
Y Faenol
|
| x
|
Bach[3] |
coch
|
| z
|
Hase[1] |
Sais
|
| ʔ
|
beamtet[4]
([bəˈʔamtət]) |
the glottal stop in uh-oh!
|
| Cytsain annaturiol
|
| dʒ
|
Dschungel[1] |
jam
|
| ʒ
|
Genie[1] |
llysiau
|
| Stress
|
| ˈ
|
Bahnhofstraße
([ˈbaːnhoːfˌʃtʁaːsə])
|
fel yn y gair battleship
|
| ˌ
|
|
| Llafariaid
|
| IPA |
Examples |
Sain
|
| Monophthongs
|
| a
|
Dach |
cap
|
| aː
|
Bahn |
cap
|
| eː
|
Beet |
ffein
|
| ɛ
|
Bett, hätte |
pen
|
| ɛː
|
wähle[5] |
gweiddi
|
| iː
|
viel |
ffin
|
| ɪ
|
bist |
ffynn
|
| oː
|
Boot |
tebyg i law (Saesneg)
|
| ɔ
|
Post |
pot (ynganiad deheuol)
|
| øː
|
Öl |
tebyg i hurt (Saesneg)
|
| œ
|
göttlich |
tebyg i hurt (Saesneg)
|
| uː
|
Hut |
llw
|
| ʊ
|
Putz |
gwn
|
| yː
|
Rübe |
chwiw
|
| ʏ
|
füllt |
fel yr uchod ond yn fyrrach
|
| Diphthongs
|
| aɪ
|
weit |
trai
|
| aʊ
|
Haut |
llawn
|
| ɔʏ
|
Heu, Räuber |
tebyg i boy (Saesneg)
|
| Vowel reduction
|
| ɐ
|
Ober[2] |
fun
|
| ə
|
halte |
coma
|
| Semivowels
|
| ɐ̯
|
Uhr[2] |
coma
|
| i̯
|
Studie |
crio
|
| u̯
|
aktuell |
diwrnod
|
| Non-native vowels[6]
|
| e
|
Methan |
(short [eː])
|
| i
|
vital |
cyfri (byr [iː])
|
| o
|
Moral |
(byr [oː])
|
| ø
|
Ökonom |
(byr [øː])
|
| u
|
kulant |
(byr [uː])
|
| y
|
Psychologie |
(byr [yː])
|
|
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 The German lenis consonants [b d ɡ z ʒ dʒ] are often pronounced without voice as [b̥ d̥ ɡ̊ z̥ ʒ̊ d̥ʒ̊]. In Southern German, the voiceless pronunciation prevails.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Amrywir sain yr /r/ mewn Almaaeneg yn ôl ardal: [r] yn y Swistir a [ʁ] a [ʀ] yn yr Almaen ble mae /r/ yn debycach i [ɐ̯] ar ôl llafariaid a seinir /ər/ fel [ɐ]
- ↑ /x/ is realized as a uvular fricative [χ] after /a/, /aː/, and often /ʊ/, /ɔ/, and /aʊ/.
- ↑ In many varieties of German except for Swiss Standard German, all initial vowels are preceded by [ʔ].
- ↑ [ɛː] - sy'n cael ei gyfnewid gyda [eː].
- ↑ [e i o ø u y], the short versions of the long vowels [eː iː oː øː uː yː], are used in unstressed syllables before the accented syllable and occur only in loanwords. In native words, the accent is generally on the first syllable, and there are no syllables before the accent besides prepositional prefixes.
