Sergei Rachmaninoff

Roedd Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff (1 Ebrill 1873 – 28 Mawrth 1943) yn gyfansoddwr, arweinydd a phianydd o Rwsia. Roedd Rachmaninoff yn gyfansoddwr gwych yn y cyfnod rhamantaidd. Mae Rachmaninoff hefyd yn enwog am ei ddwylo anferth a'i allu i ganu'r piano.

Sergei Rachmaninoff
Ganwyd	Сергей Васильевич Рахманинов  1 Ebrill 1873  Starorussky Uyezd
Bu farw	28 Mawrth 1943  o melanoma  Beverly Hills
Dinasyddiaeth	Rwsia
Alma mater	Prifysgol Moscaw Saint Petersburg Conservatory Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia
Galwedigaeth	cyfansoddwr, pianydd, arweinydd, cerddolegydd, meistr ar ei grefft
Cyflogwr	Moscow school number 19
Adnabyddus am	Symphony No. 1, All-Night Vigil, Piano Concerto No. 2, Prelude in C-sharp minor, Pyrrique, Scherzo in D minor, Piano Concerto No. 1, Prince Rostislav, Suite No. 1, Morceaux de salon, Morceaux de salon, Études-Tableaux
Arddull	opera, symffoni, cerddoriaeth glasurol
Mudiad	cerddoriaeth ramantus
Tad	Vasily Arkadyevich Rachmaninoff
Mam	Lyubov Petrovna Butakova
Priod	Natalia Satina
Plant	Irene Sergievna Rachmaninoff
Gwobr/au	Medal Aur Cymdeithas y Royal Philharmonic
Gwefan	https://www.rachmaninoff.org
llofnod

Bywgraffiad

Cafodd ei eni yn Semyonovo ger Novgorod yng Ngogledd-orllewin Rwsia yn 1873. Roedd ei rieni yn chwarae'r piano, a threfnwyd gwersi piano iddo yn St Petersburg a Moscfa.

Tra roedd dal yn ddisgybl, ysgrifenodd opera fer o'r enw Aleko. Fe wnaeth hefyd gyfansoddi rhai darnau piano gan gynnwys ' Prelude in C sharp minor '. Roedd perfformiad cyntaf Symffoni rhif 1 yn 1897 yn hunllef. Credir fod Glazunov yr arweinydd wedi meddwi yn ystod y perfformiad.

Yn 1902, priododd Rachmaninoff ei gyfnither Natalia Alexandrovna Satina.

Ar ôl chwyldro Rwsia, symudodd Rachmaninoff a'i deulu i America. Bu farw yn Beverly Hills, Califfornia yn 1943.

Sergei Rachmaninoff yn perfformio ei Prelude in C sharp minor, Op. 3

Cerddoriaeth

Cyfansoddodd Rachmaninoff lawer o ddarnau ar gyfer gwahanol offerynnau, pedwar concerto i biano a thair symffoni. Ei gyfansoddiadau mwyaf adnabyddus heddiw yw ei ail Concerto i'r piano, a'i ail Symffoni.

Opus	Teitl	Offeryn/nau	Dyddiad cwblhau
	Scherzo in D minor	Cerddorfa	1887
	Manfred		1891, lost
	Suite in D minor		1891
	Youth Symphony, unfinished
	Prince Rostislav
7	The Rock		1893
	Two Don Juan Episodes		1894, lost
12	Caprice bohémien		1894
13	Symphony No. 1		1895
27	Symphony No. 2		1908
29	Isle of the Dead
44	Symphony No. 3		1936
45	Symphonic Dances		1940
	Romance in A minor	Ffidil a Piano	1885
	String Quartet No. 1	Dwy ffidil, Fiola, a Sielo	1890?
	Lied in F minor	Sielo a Piano	1890
	Mélodie on a Theme of Rachmaninoff	Ffidil neu Sielo a Piano	1890?
	Trio élégiaque No. 1	Ffidil, Sielo, a Piano	1892
2	Two Pieces (Prelude, Danse orientale)	Sielo a Piano
6	Morceaux de salon (Romance, Danse hongroise)	Ffidil a Piano	1893
9	Trio élégiaque No. 2	Piano, Ffidil a Sielo	1893, revised 1906 (Boosey & Hawkes ed.), 1913 (modern Russian ed.)
	String Quartet No. 2	Dwy ffidil, Fiola, a Sielo	1896?
19	Cello Sonata	Sielo a Piano	1901
	Concerto in C minor, projected	Piano a cherddorfa	1889
1	Piano Concerto No. 1 in F♯ minor		1891, revised 1917
18	Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor		1901
30	Piano Concerto No. 3 in D minor		1909
40	Piano Concerto No. 4 in G minor		1926, revised 1941
43	Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini		1934
	Étude in F♯ major [lost]	Piano	1886?
	Song Without Words in D minor		1887?
	Lento in D minor		1887?
	Four Pieces Romance / Andante, in F♯ minor Prélude / Allegro, in E♭ minor Mélodie / Andante, in E major Gavotte / Allegro, in D major		1887
	Three Nocturnes 1. Andante cantabile – Allegro vivace, in F♯ minor (1887) 2. Andante maestoso – Allegro assai, in F major (1887) 3. Andante – Allegro moderato, in C minor (1888)		1887/88
	Piece (Canon) in E minor		1891
	Fugue in D minor
	Prelude in F major
3	Morceaux de fantaisie No. 1, Élégie in E♭ minor No. 2, Prélude in C♯ minor No. 3, Mélodie in E major (revised in 1940) No. 4, Polichinelle No. 5, Serenade (revised in 1940)		1892
10	Morceaux de salon No. 1, Nocturne in A minor No. 2, Valse in A major No. 3, Barcarolle in G minor No. 4, Mélodie in E minor No. 5, Humoresque in G major (revised in 1940) No. 6, Romance in F minor No. 7, Mazurka in D♭ major		1894
	Four Improvisations (with Arensky, Glazunov, Taneyev)		1896
16	Six moments musicaux No. 1 Andantino in B♭ minor No. 2 Allegretto in E♭ minor No. 3 Andante cantabile in B minor No. 4 Presto in E minor No. 5 Adagio sostenuto in D♭ major No. 6 Maestoso in C major
	Morceau de Fantaisie in G minor		1899
	Fughetta in F major
22	Variations on a Theme of Chopin		1903
23	Ten Preludes No. 1, in F♯ minor No. 2, in B♭ major No. 3, in D minor No. 4, in D major No. 5, in G minor No. 6, in E♭ major No. 7, in C minor No. 8, in A♭ major No. 9, in E♭ minor No. 10, in G♭ major
28	Piano Sonata No. 1		1908
32	Thirteen Preludes No. 1, in C major No. 2, in B♭ minor No. 3, in E major No. 4, in E minor No. 5, in G major No. 6, in F minor No. 7, in F major No. 8, in A minor No. 9, in A major No. 10, in B minor No. 11, in B major No. 12, in G♯ minor No. 13, in D♭ major		1910
33	Études-Tableaux No. 1, in F minor No. 2, in C major No. 3, in C minor No. 4, in D minor No. 5, in E♭ minor No. 6, in E♭ major No. 7, in G minor No. 8, in C♯ minor		1911
36	Piano Sonata No. 2		1913, revised 1931
39	Études-Tableaux No. 1, in C minor No. 2, in A minor No. 3, in F♯ minor No. 4, in B minor No. 5, in E♭ minor No. 6, in A minor No. 7, in C minor No. 8, in D minor No. 9, in D major		1916
	Four Pieces Prelude in D minor Piano Piece in A-Flat Major Oriental Sketch Fragments		1917
42	Variations on a Theme of Corelli		1931
	Two Pieces (Valse, Romance)	Piano - Chwech llaw	1891
	Russian Rhapsody	Dau Piano
5	Suite No. 1 (or Fantaisie-Tableaux for two pianos)		1893
17	Suite No. 2		1901
11	Six Morceaux No. 1, Barcarolle No. 2, Scherzo No. 3, Thème Russe No. 4, Valse No. 5, Romance No. 6, Slava	Deuawd Piano	1894
	Romance in G major		1894?
	Polka Italienne		1906?
	Transcription of Tchaikovsky: Manfred Symphony	Deuawd Piano	1886, lost
	Transcription of Tchaikovsky: The Sleeping Beauty		1891
	Transcription of Glazunov: Symphony No. 6		1896
	Paraphrase of Bizet: Minuet from L'Arlésienne	Piano	1900, revised 1922
	Transcription of Franz Behr: Lachtäubchen, Op. 303 (published as Polka de W.R.)		1911
	Transcription of John Stafford Smith: The Star-Spangled Banner		1918
	Cadenza for Liszt: Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2		1919
	Paraphrase of Kreisler: Liebesleid		1921
	Paraphrase of Mussorgsky: Gopak from The Fair at Sorochyntsi		1923
	Paraphrase of Schubert: Wohin? (D795/2)		1925
	Paraphrase of Kreisler: Liebesfreud
	Paraphrase of Mussorgsky: Gopak from The Fair at Sorochyntsi	Piano a Ffidil	1926
	Paraphrase of Rimsky-Korsakov: Flight of the Bumblebee	Piano	1929
	Paraphrase of Mendelssohn: Scherzo from the Incidental music to Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream		1933
	Paraphrase of Bach: movements from Partita No. 3 in E major for unaccompanied violin (BWV 1006)		1933 or 1934
	Paraphrase of Tchaikovsky: Lullaby (Cradle Song Op.16, No.1)		1941
	Esmeralda, projected	Opera	1888
	Aleko (Rwsieg: Алеко)		1892
24	The Miserly Knight (Rwsieg: Скупой рыцарь)		1904
25	Francesca da Rimini (Rwsieg: Франческа да Римини)		1905
	Salammbô, projected		1906
	Monna Vanna, unfinished		1908
	Deus Meus	Côr cymysg chwech rhan	1890?
	O Mother of God Perpetually Praying: a Choral Concerto in G minor	Côr Cymysg	1893
	Chorus of Spirits		1894?
	Song of the Nightingale	Côr cymysg pedwar rhan a piano	1894?
15	Six Choruses for Women's or Children's Voices Be Praised Night The Pine The Waves Slumbered Slavery The Angel	Côr menywod neu blant	1895
	Panteley the Healer	Côr Cymysg	1899
20	Spring, cantata	Unawd bariton, Côr a cherddorfa	1902
31	Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom	Côr	1910
35	The Bells	Unawdwyr lleisiol, côr, a cherddorfa	1913
37	All-Night Vigil	Côr	1915
41	Three Russian Songs	Côr a cherddorfa	1927
	"Again you are Bestirred, my Heart"	Llais a Piano	1890 or 1893
	"At the Gates of the Holy Cloister"		1890
	Two monologues from Boris Godunov, opera gan Mussorgsky		1891?
	"C'était en avril"		1891
	"Dusk was Falling"
4	Six Songs "Oh No, I Beg You, Do Not Leave!" "Morning" "In the Silence of the Secret Night" "Sing not, O Lovely One" "The Harvest of Sorrow" "It Was Not Long Ago, My Friend"		1890–1893
	"Song of the Disenchanted,"		1893?
	"Do you Remember the Evening?"		1893?
	"The Flower Died"		1893
8	Six Songs "Water Lily" "My Child, Your Beauty is That of a Flower" "Thoughts, Reflections" "I Fell in Love, To My Sorrow" "A Dream" "Prayer"
14	Twelve Songs "I Await You" "Small Island" "How Fleeting is Delight in Love" "I was with Her" "Summer Nights" "You are so Beloved by All" "Do Not Believe me, Friend" "Oh, do not Grieve" "She is as Beautiful as Midday" "In my Soul" "Spring Torrents" "It is Time!"		1896
	"Were you Hiccupping?"		1899
	"Night"		1900
21	Twelve Songs "Fate" "By a Fresh Grave" "Twilight" "They Replied" "Lilacs" "Fragment from 'de Musset'" "How Peaceful" "On the Death of a Linnet" "Melody" "Before the Icon" "I am not a Prophet" "How Pained I am"		1902
26	Fifteen Songs "There are Many Sounds" "All was Taken from Me" "We shall Rest" "Two Farewells" "Let us Leave, my Sweet" "Christ is Risen" "To the Children" "Beg for Mercy" "I am Again Alone" "At my Window" "The Fountain" "Night is Sorrowful" "Yesterday we Met" "The Ring" "All Passes"		1906
	"Letter to Stanislavsky"		1908
34	Fourteen Songs "The Muse" "In the Soul of Each of Us" "The Storm" "The Migrant Wind" "Arion" "The Raising of Lazarus" "It Cannot Be" "Music" "You Knew Him" "I Remember that Day" "The Herald" "What Happiness" "Dissonance" "Vocalise" (listed separately below)		1912
	"Vocalise"		1915
	"From the Gospel of St. John"
	"Prayer"		1916
	"All Things Wish to Sing"
38	Six Songs "At Night in my Garden" "To Her" "Daisies" "The Pied Piper" "Sleep" "A-oo!"

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