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[[File:English-2nd_grade-Vereshchagina-Russian-textbook-page_39.png|bawd|404x404px|Tudalen o llyfr cwrs Saesneg o [[Rwsia]]. Caiff yr WSR ei defnyddio er mwyn dysgu ynganiadau gwahanol y [[Deugraff|ddeugraff]]<nowiki> [[Th (digraph)|</nowiki>{{angbr|th}}<nowiki>]] (</nowiki>{{IPA|/θ/}}, {{IPA|/ð/}}) ac i ddangos sut mae ynganu'r geiriau newydd ''polite'', ''everything'', ''always'' a ''forget''.|link=Special:FilePath/English-2nd_grade-Vereshchagina-Russian-textbook-page_39.png]]
=== Geiriaduron ===
'''Cymraeg'''
?
==== Saesneg ====
Many British dictionaries, including the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] and some [[Monolingual learner's dictionary|learner's dictionaries]] such as the ''[[Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary]]'' and the ''[[Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary]]'', now use [[Pronunciation respelling for English#International Phonetic Alphabet|the International Phonetic Alphabet]] to represent the pronunciation of words.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/help/phonetics.htm|title=Phonetics|year=2002|publisher=Cambridge Dictionaries Online|accessdate=2007-03-11}}</ref> However, most American (and some British) volumes use one of a variety of [[Pronunciation respelling for English|pronunciation respelling]] systems, intended to be more comfortable for readers of English. For example, the respelling systems in many American dictionaries (such as ''[[Merriam-Webster Dictionary|Merriam-Webster]]'') use {{angbr|y}} for IPA {{IPA|[j]}} and {{angbr|sh}} for IPA {{IPA|[ʃ]}}, reflecting common representations of those sounds in written English,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mw1.merriam-webster.com/pronsymbols.html|title=Merriam-Webster Online Pronunciation Symbols|accessdate=2007-06-04|work=}}{{Cite book|first=Michael|last=Agnes|title=Webster's New World College Dictionary|year=1999|publisher=Macmillan USA|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-02-863119-6|pages=xxiii|nopp=true}}''[[Pronunciation respelling for English]]'' has detailed comparisons.</ref> using only letters of the English [[Latin alphabet|Roman alphabet]] and variations of them. (In IPA, {{IPA|[y]}} represents the sound of the French {{angbr|u}} (as in ''{{lang|fr|tu}}''), and {{IPA|[sh]}} represents the pair of sounds in ''gra{{strong|ssh}}opper''.)<!-- This is OR. The IPA can just as easily be used for this. :
One of the benefits of using an alternative to the IPA is the ability to use a single letter for a sound pronounced differently in different dialects. For example, [[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]] uses {{angbr|ŏ}} for the vowel in ''cot'' [http://www.bartleby.com/61/46/C0674600.html (kŏt)] but {{angbr|ô}} for the one in ''caught'' [http://www.bartleby.com/61/14/C0171400.html (kôt)].<ref>{{cite web|title=Pronunciation Key|work=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/12.html |year=2000 |publisher=Bartleby.com|accessdate=2006-09-19 }}</ref> Some American speakers [[phonological history of English low back vowels|pronounce these the same way]] (for example, like IPA {{IPA|[ɒ]}} in the [[Boston accent|Boston dialect]]); for those speakers who maintain the distinction, depending on the accent, the vowel in ''cot'' may vary from {{IPA|[ɑ]}} to {{IPA|[a]}}, while the vowel in ''caught'' may vary from {{IPA|[ɔ]}} to {{IPA|[ɑ]}}, or may even be a diphthong. Using one letter for the vowel in ''cot'' (instead of having different letters for different pronunciations of the ''o'') enables the dictionary to provide meaningful pronunciations for speakers of most dialects of English.
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==== Ieithoedd eraill ====
The IPA is also not universal among dictionaries in languages other than English. Monolingual dictionaries of languages with generally [[Phonemic orthography|phonemic orthographies]] generally do not bother with indicating the pronunciation of most words, and tend to use respelling systems for words with unexpected pronunciations. Dictionaries produced in [[Israel]] use the IPA rarely and sometimes use the [[Hebrew alphabet]] for transcription of foreign words. Monolingual Hebrew dictionaries use pronunciation respelling for words with unusual spelling; for example, the ''[[Even-Shoshan Dictionary]]'' respells {{Hebrew|תָּכְנִית}} as {{Hebrew|תּוֹכְנִית}} because this word uses [[kamatz]] katan. Bilingual dictionaries that translate from foreign languages into [[Russian language|Russian]] usually employ the IPA, but monolingual Russian dictionaries occasionally use pronunciation respelling for foreign words; for example, [[Sergey Ozhegov]]'s dictionary adds нэ́ in brackets for the [[French language|French]] word пенсне (''{{lang|fr|[[pince-nez]]}}'') to indicate that the final [[е]] does not [[Iotation|iotate]] the preceding [[н]].
The IPA is more common in bilingual dictionaries, but there are exceptions here too. Mass-market bilingual Czech dictionaries, for instance, tend to use the IPA only for sounds not found in the [[Czech language]].<ref>{{cs icon}} {{Cite book|last=Fronek|first=J.|title=Velký anglicko-český slovník|year=2006|publisher=Leda|location=Praha|language=Czech|isbn=80-7335-022-X|quote=In accordance with long-established Czech lexicographical tradition, a modified version of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is adopted in which letters of the Czech alphabet are employed.}}</ref>
=== Orgraffau safonol a phriflythrennau ===
{{main|Case variants of IPA letters}}Mae llythrennau'r WSR wedi cael eu hymgorffori i mewn i wyddorau nifer o ieithoedd, yn enwedig trwy [[Gwyddor Affrica|Wyddor Affrica]] mewn sawl iaith o Is-Sahara fel [[Hausa (iaith)|Hawsa]], Fula
=== Canu clasurol ===
Gwelir defnydd helaeth o'r WSR ymhlith cantorion clasurol wrth baratoi, yn enwedig ymysg cantorion Saesneg eu hiaith y disgwylir iddynt ganu mewn sawl iaith dramor. Ceir trawsgrifiadau awdurdodol o [[Libreto|libreti]] opera yn yr WSR, megis cyfrolau [[Nico Castel]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.castelopera.com/libretti.htm|title=Nico Castel's Complete Libretti Series|publisher=Castel Opera Arts|accessdate=2008-09-29}}</ref> a llyfr ''Singing in Czech'' [[Timothy Cheek]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://scarecrowpress.com/Catalog/SingleBook.shtml?command=Search&db=%5EDB/CATALOG.db&eqSKUdata=0810840030|last=Cheek|first=Timothy|title=Singing in Czech|year=2001|page=392|isbn=978-0-8108-4003-4|publisher=The Scarecrow Press}}</ref> Defnyddiwyd gallu cantorion opera i ddarllen yr WSR gan wefan ''Visual Thesaurus'', a gyflogodd sawl canwr neu gantores opera "i wneud recordiadau ar gyfer y 150,000 o eiriau ac ymadroddion yng nghronfa ddata eirfaol VT. ...am stamina eu lleisiau, eu sylw i fanylion ynganu ac yn bennaf oll eu gwybodaeth o'r WSR."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=155|title=Operatic IPA and the Visual Thesaurus|last=Zimmer|first=Benjamin|authorlink=Benjamin Zimmer|work=[[Language Log]]|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania]]|accessdate=2009-09-29|date=2008-05-14}}</ref><references group="note" />
== Llythrennau ==
== Cyfeiriadau ==
<references />
<references group="note" />
==== Priflythrennau ====
Ni ddefnyddir priflythrennau llawn yn yr WSR. Er hynny, cânt eu denfnyddio am [[Archffonem|archffonemau]] ac am ddosbarthiadau naturiol fffonemau, hynny yw, fel cardiau gwyllt. Nid yw'r fath ddefnydd yn rhan o'r WSR nac wedi ei safoni, a gallai fod yn amwys gan ddibynnu ar yr awdur; er hynny, fe'i defnyddir ar y cyd â'r WSA. (Mae siart yr WSA Estynedig, er enghraifft, yn defnyddio ambell gerdyn gwyllt yn ei henghreifftiau.) Rhan sylfaenol o'r [[Symbolau Ansawdd Llais]] yw priflythrennau hefyd, a ddefnyddir o bryd i'w gilydd gyda'r WSR.
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