Haplogrwp R1b (Cromosom-Y)
Mewn genynnau dynol, yr haplogrwp Cromosom-Y sy'n digwydd mwyaf aml yng Ngorllewin Ewrop a rhai rhannau o Ewroasia (megis Bashkortostan) yw Haplogrwp R1b. Mae i'w ganfod hefyd yng nghanolbarth Affrica, mewn llefydd fel Tsiad a Camerŵn. Mae R1b yn cael ei adnabod hefyd, ers 2004, gan bresenoldeb M343 sef y mwtaniad unigryw hwn ar Gromosom-Y. Yr enwau eraill sydd wedi cael eu defnyddio cyn yr ail-enwi yma yw Hg1 a Eu18.
Mae'n debygol i'r mwtaniad yma ddigwydd tua 18,500 o flynyddoedd yn ôl a gellir cyfeirio'n answyddogol ato fel Cromoson Celtaidd.[1]
Canran y boblogaeth sydd â'r Cromoson R1b
golyguMae'r canlynol yn cynnwys y rhan fwyaf o'r ymchwiliadau gwyddonol sydd wedi'u gwneud hyd yma (2010) yn Ewrop, Gogledd Affrica, y Dwyrain Canol a Chanol Asia:
Gwlad | Lleoliad | sampl | R-M269 | Ffynhonnell |
Cymru | Cenedlaethol | 65 | 92.3% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Sbaen | Gwlad y Basg | 116 | 87.1% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Iwerddon | Cenedlaethol | 796 | 85.4% | Moore et al. (2006) |
Sbaen | Catalwnia | 80 | 81.3% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Ffrainc | Ille-et-Vilaine | 82 | 80.5% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Ffrainc | Haute-Garonne | 57 | 78.9% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Lloegr | Cernyw | 64 | 78.1% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Ffrainc | Loire-Atlantique | 48 | 77.1% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Ffrainc | Finistère | 75 | 76.0% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Ffrainc | Basgiaid | 61 | 75.4% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Sbaen | Dwyrain Andalucia | 95 | 72.0% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Sbaen | Castilla La Mancha | 63 | 72.0% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Ffrainc | Vendée | 50 | 68.0% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Ffrainc | Baie de Somme | 43 | 62.8% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Lloegr | Swydd Gaerlŷr | 43 | 62.0% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Sbaen | Galisia | 88 | 58.0% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Sbaen | Gorllewin Andalucia | 72 | 55.0% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Yr Eidal | Gogledd-ddwyrain (Ladin) | 79 | 60.8% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Portiwgal | De | 78 | 46.2% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Yr Eidal | Gogledd-orllewin | 99 | 45.0% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Denmarc | Cenedlaethol | 56 | 42.9% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Yr Iseldiroedd | Cenedlaethol | 84 | 42.0% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Yr Eidal | Gogledd-ddwyrain | 67 | 41.8% | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Rwsia | Bashkirs | 471 | 34.40% | Lobov (2009) |
Yr Almaen | Bafaria | 80 | 32.3% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Yr Eidal | Gorllewin Sisili | 122 | 30.3% | Di Gaetano et al. (2009) |
Slofenia | Cenedlaethol | 75 | 21.3% | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Slovenia | Cenedlaethol | 70 | 20.6% | Balaresque et al. (2009) |
Twrci | Canol | 152 | 19.1% | Cinnioğlu et al. (2004) |
Gweriniaeth Macedonia | Albaniaid | 64 | 18.8% | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Yr Eidal | Dwyrain Sisili | 114 | 18.4% | Di Gaetano et al. (2009) |
Creta | Cenedlaethol | 193 | 17.0% | King et al. (2008) |
Yr Eidal | Sardinia | 930 | 17.0% | Contu et al (2008) |
Iran | Gogledd | 33 | 15.2% | Regueiro et al. (2006) |
Moldofa | 268 | 14.6% | Varzari (2006) | |
Gwlad Groeg | Cenedlaethol | 171 | 13.5% | King et al. (2008) |
Twrci | Gorllewin | 163 | 13.5% | Cinnioğlu et al. (2004) |
Rwmania | Cenedlaethol | 54 | 13.0% | Varzari (2006) |
Twrci | Dwyrain | 208 | 12.0% | Cinnioğlu et al. (2004) |
Algeria | 93 | 11.8% | Robino et al. (2008) | |
Rwsia | Roslavl | 107 | 11.2% | Balanovsky et al. (2008) |
Irac | Cenedlaethol | 139 | 10.8% | Al-Zahery et al. (2003) |
Nepal | Newar | 66 | 10.60% | Gayden et al. (2007) |
Serbia | Cenedlaethol | 100 | 10.0% | Belaresque et al. (2009) |
Bosnia-Herzegovina | Serb | 81 | 6.2% | Marjanovic et al. (2005) |
Iran | De | 117 | 6.0% | Regueiro et al. (2006) |
Rwsia | Repievka | 96 | 5.2% | Balanovsky et al. (2008) |
UAE | 164 | 3.7% | Cadenas et al. (2007) | |
Bosnia-Herzegovina | Bosniak | 85 | 3.5% | Marjanovic et al. (2005) |
Pakistan | 176 | 2.8% | Sengupta et al. (2006) | |
Rwsia | Belgorod | 143 | 2.8% | Balanovsky et al. (2008) |
Rwsia | Ostrov | 75 | 2.7% | Balanovsky et al. (2008)< |
Rwsia | Pristen | 45 | 2.2% | Balanovsky et al. (2008) |
Bosnia-Herzegovina | Croat | 90 | 2.2% | Marjanovic et al. (2005) |
Qatar | 72 | 1.4% | Cadenas et al. (2007) | |
China | 128 | 0.8% | Sengupta et al. (2006) | |
India | amryw | 728 | 0.5% | Sengupta et al. (2006) |
Croatia | Osijek | 29 | 0.0% | Battaglia et al. (2008) |
Yemen | 62 | 0.0% | Cadenas et al. (2007) | |
Tibet | 156 | 0.0% | Gayden et al. (2007) | |
Nepal | Tamang | 45 | 0.0% | Gayden et al. (2007) |
Nepal | Kathmandu | 77 | 0.0% | Gayden et al. (2007) |
Japan | 23 | 0.0% | Sengupta et al. (2006) |
Tabl amlder (R-P25)
golyguGellir canfod tabl o'r data diweddaraf ar Cruciani et al (2010). Dyma'r prif ganfyddiadau:
Cyfandir | Poblogaeth | #Nifer | Cyfanswm% | R-P25* | R-V88 | R-M269 | R-M73 |
Affrica | Gogledd Affrica | 691 | 5.9% | 0.0% | 5.2% | 0.7% | 0.0% |
Affrica | Canoldir Sahel | 461 | 23.0% | 0.0% | 23.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Affrica | Gorllewin Affrica | 123 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Affrica | Dwyrain Affrica | 442 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Affrica | De Affrica | 105 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Ewrop | Gorllewin Ewrop | 465 | 57.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 57.8% | 0.0% |
Ewrop | Gogledd-orllewin Ewrop | 43 | 55.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 55.8% | 0.0% |
Ewrop | Canol Ewrop | 77 | 42.9% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 42.9% | 0.0% |
Ewrop | Gogledd-ddwyrain Ewrop | 74 | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.4% | 0.0% |
Ewrop | Rwsia | 60 | 6.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 6.7% | 0.0% |
Ewrop | Dwyrain Ewrop | 149 | 20.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 20.8% | 0.0% |
Ewrop | Y Balcanau | 510 | 13.1% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 12.9% | 0.0% |
Asia | Gorllewin Asia | 328 | 5.8% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 5.5% | 0.0% |
Asia | De Asia | 288 | 4.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.7% | 3.1% |
Asia | De-ddwyrain Asia | 10 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Asia | Gogledd-ddwyrain Asia | 30 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Asia | Dwyrain Asia | 156 | 0.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 0.0% |
TOTAL | 5326 |
Cyfeiriadau
golygu- ↑ Gwefan Ymchwil Genom (Saesneg)
- ↑ Balaresque et al. (2009) A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for European Paternal Lineages pp. 119–22. PLoS Biol. vol 8, issue 1
Dolenni allanol
golygu- (Saesneg) Atlas y Daith Dynol National Geographic: The Genographic Project